Ryerson, F.J., Hess, P.C.,

1978,

Implication of liquid-liquid distribution coefficients to mineral-liquid partitioning.

Geochim. Cosmochim. Act.,

42,

921-932.

Rutter, M.J., Van der Laan, S.R., Wyllie, P.J.,

1989,

Experimental data for a proposed empirical igneous geobarometer: Aluminum in hornblende at 10 kbar pressure.

Geology,

17,

897-900.

Rutter, M.J.,

1987,

Evidence for crustal assimilation by turbulently convecting, mafic alkaline magmas: geochemistry of mantle xenolith-bearing lavas from northern Sardinia:

J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.,

32，

343-354.

Rutter, M. J.,

1987,

The nature of the lithosphere beneath the Sardinian continental block: Mantle and deep crustal inclusions in mafic alkaline lavas:

Lithos,

20,

225-234.

Rutter, E. H. and Neumann, D. H. K.,

1995,

Experimental deformation of partially molten Westerly granite under fluid-absent conditions, with implications for the extraction of granitic magmas:

J. Geophys. Res.,

100,

15697-15715.

Rutherford, M.J., Hill, P.M.,

1993,

Magma ascent rates from amphibole breakdown: an experimental study applied to the 1980-1986 Mount St. Helens eruptions.

J. Geophys. Res.

98,

19667-19685.

Russell, J.K. and Snyder, L.D.,

1997,

Petrology of picritic basalts from Kamloops, British Columbia: primary liquids from a Trassic-Jurassic arc:

Can. Miner.,

35,

521-541.

Russell, J. K. and Nicholls, J.,

1988,

Analysis of petrologic hypotheses with Pearce element ratios:

Contrib. Mineral. Petrol.,

99,

25-35.

Russel, S.A., Lay, T. and Garnero, E.J.,

1998,

Seismic evidence for small-scale dynamics in the lowermost mantle at the root of the Hawaiian hotspot:

Nature,

396,

255-258.

Rushmer, T.,

1996,

Melt segregation in the lower crust: how have experiments helped us?:

Earth Sciences,

87,

73-83.

Rushmer, T.,

1996,

Melt segregation in the lower crust: how have experiments helped us.

Trans. Royal Soc. Edinber. Earth Sci.,

87,

73-83.

Rushmer, T.,

1993,

Experimental high-pressure granulites: Some applications to natural mafic xenolith suites and Archean granulite terranes:

Geology,

21,

411-414.

Rushmer, T.,

1991,

Partial melting of two amphibolites: contrasting experimental results under fluid-absent conditions.

Contrib. Mineral. Petrol.,

107,

41-59.

Rudnick, R.L., Williams, I.S.,

1987,

Dating the lower crust by ion microprobe.

Earth and Planetary Science Letters,

85,

145-161.

Rudnick, R.L. and Presper, T.

1990,

Geochemistry of intermediate/ - to high-pressure granulits

D. Vielzeuf and Ph. Vidal (editors), Granulites and Crustal Evolution

Kluwer Academic Publishers

523-550.

Rudnick, R. L.,

1992,

Restites, Eu anomalies, and the lower continental crust:

Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta,

56,

963-970.

Rubin, K. H., Fletcher, C.H., and Sherman, C.,

2000,

Fossiliferous Lana'i deposits formed by multiple events rather than a single giant tsunami.

Nature,

408,

675-681.

Rowland, S.K., and Walker, G.P.L.,

1990,

Pahoehoe and aa in hawaii: volumetric flow rate controls the lava structure.

Bull. Volcanol.,

52,

615-628.

Rowland, S.K., and Walker, G.P.L.,

1987,

Toothpaste lava: characteristics and origin of a lava structural type transitional between pahoehoe and aa

Bull. Volcanol.,

49,

631-641.

Rowland, S.K. and Munro, D.C.,

1992,

The caldera of Volcan Fernandina:a remote sensing study of its structure and recentactivity:

Bull. Volcanol.,

55,

97-109.

Rousset, D., Bonneville, A., and Lenat, J.-F.,

1987,

Detailed gravity study of the offshore structure of Piton de la Fournaise volcano, Reunion Island.

Bull. Volcanol.,

49,

713-722.

Rouer, O., Lapierre, H., Mascle, G., Coulon, C. and Albers, J.,

1989,

Geodynamic implications of Devonian silicic arc magmatism in the Sierra Nevada and Klamath Mountains, California:

Geology,

17,

177-180.

Rothwell, R.G.,Thomson, J., and Käｈler, G.,

1998,

Low-sea-level emplacement of a very large Late Pleistocene 'megaturbidite' in the western Mediterranean Sea.

Nature,

392,

377-380.

Rothwell, R.G., Reeder, M.S., Anastasakis, G., Stow, D.A.V., Thomson, J., and Käｈler, G.,

2000,

Low sea-level stand emplacement of megaturbidites in the western and eastern Mediterranean Sea.

Sedimentary geol.,

135,

75-88.

Ross, P.-S., Peate, I.U., McClintock, M.K., Xu, Y.G., Skilling, I.P., White, J.D.L., Houghton, B.F.,

2005,

Mafic volcaniclastic deposits in flood basalt provinces: a review.

Jour. Volcanol. Geother. Res.,

145,

281-314.

Ross, G. R., Guevara, S. R. and Arribere, M. A.,

1995,

Rare earth geochemistry in sediments of the upper Manso river basin, Rio Negro, Argentina:

Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.,

133,

47-57.

Rosenberg, C.L., and Handy, M.R.,

2005,

Experimental deformation of partially melted granite revisited: implications for the continental crust.

J. metamorphic Geol.,

23,

19-28.

Rosenbaum, J. M., Wilson, M. and Condliffe, E.,

1997,

Partial melts of subducted phosphatic sediments in the mantle:

Geology,

25,

77-80.

Rose Jr., W.I., Stoiber, R.E. and Malinconic, L.L.

1982,

Eruptive gas compositions and fluxes of explosive volcanoes: budget of S and Cl emitted from Fuego volcano, Guatemala.

In: R.S. Thorpe(editor), Andesites.

Jhon Wiley & Sons,

259-292.

Rong-Long, C., Ross, C., Ernst, W.G.,

1986,

Experimental studies to 10 kb of the bulk composition tremolite50-tschermakite50 + excess H2O.

Contrib., Mineral., Petrol.,

93,

160-167.

Rong-Long, C., Ross, C., Ernst, W.G.,

1986,

Experimental studies to 10 kb of the bulk composition tremolite50-tschermakite50 + excess H2O.

Contrib., Mineral., Petrol.,

93,

160-167.

Romick, J.D., Kay, S.M. and Kay, R.,

1992,

The influence of amphibole fractionation on the evolution of calc-alkaline andesite and dacite tephra from the central Aleutians, Alaska:

Contrib. Mineral. Petrol.,

112,

101-118.

Rogers, N.W., Hawkesworth, C.J., Mattey, D.P.,

1987,

Sediment subduction and the source of potassium in orogenic leucites.

Geology,

15,

451-453.

Rogers, N.W.,

1992,

Potassic magmatism as a key to trace-element enrichment processes in the upper mantle:

J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.,

50,

85-99.

Rogers, N. W.,

1992,

Potassic magmatism as a key to trace-element enrichment processes in the upper mantle:

J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.,

50,

85-99.

Rogers, N. and Hawkesworth, C.,

2000,

Composition of magma

In Sigurdsson, H. (edi.), Encyclopedia of volcanoes

Academic press, London,

115-131.

Rogers, G., Hawkesworth, C.J.,

1989,

A geochemical traverse across the North Chilean Andes: evidence for crust generation from the mantle wedge.

Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.

91,

271-285.

Rogers, G. and Hawkesworth, C.J.,

1989,

A geochemical traverse across the North Chilean Andes: evidence for crust generation from the mantle wedge:

Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.,

91,

271-285.

Roger, P. and Holland, T.,

1994,

Optimal geothermometry and geobarometry:

American Mineralogist.,

79,

120-133.

Roedder, E.,

1984,

Fluid inclusions.

Reviews in mineralogy,

12,

??-??

Rodnikov, A. G.,

1973,

The earth's crust in the northwestern part of the pacific mobile belt:

Tectonophys.,

20,

105-114.

Rock, N. M. S., Carroll, G. W., Wheatley, M. R. and Williams, K. L.,

1991,

MacSuite: An integrated compendium of geoscientific programs for the Apple Macintosh:

American Mineralogist.,

76,

2013-2019.

Roche,O., Druitt, T.H., and Cas, R.A.F.,

2001,

Experimental aqueous fluidization of ignimbrite

Jour. Volc. Geotherm. Res.,

112,

267-280.

Robinson, P., Spear, F. S., Schumacher, J. C., Laird, J., Klein, C., Evans, B. W. and Doolan, B. L.,

Phase relations of metamorphic amphiboles: natural occurrence and theory:

Robinson, C.,

1994,

Lago Grande di Monticchio, southern Italy: a long record of environmental change illustrated by sediment geochemistry:

Chemical Geology,

118,

235-254.

Robin, C., Eissen, J.-P. and Monzier, M.,

1994,

Ignimbrites of basaltic andesite and andesite compositions from Tanna, New Hebrides Arc:

Bull. Volcanol.,

56,

10-22.

Roberts, M. P. and Clemens, J. D.,

1997,

Correction to Roberts and Clemens (1995) "Feasibility of AFC models for the petrogenesis of calc-alkaline magma series":

Contrib. Mineral. Petrol.,

128,

97-99.

Roberts, M. P. and Clemens, J. D.,

1993,

Origin of high-potassium, calc-alkaline, I-type granitoids:

Geology,

21,

825-828.

Rita, D.D., Giordano, G. and Milli, S.,

1997,

Forestepping-backstepping stacking pattern of volcaniclastic successions: Roccamonfina volcano, Italy:

J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.,

78,

267-288.

Riley, C.M., Diehl, J.F., Kirschvink, J.L. and Ripperdan, R.L.,

1999,

Paleomagnetic constraints on fault motion in the Hilina Fault System, south flank of kilauea volcano, Hawaii

Jour. Volcon. Geotherm. Res.,

94,

233-249.

Righter, K., Chesley, J. T., Geist, D. and Ruiz, J.

1998,

Behavior of Re during magma fractionation: an example from Volcan Alcedo, Galapagos:

J. Petrol.,

39,

785-795.

Righter, K., Carmichael, I. S. E., Becker, T. A. and Renne, P. R.,

1995,

Pliocene-Quaternary volcanism and faulting at the intersection of the Gulf of California and the Mexican Volcanic Belt:

GSA Bulletin,

107,

612-626.

Riciputi, L.R., Johnson C.M., Sawyer, D.A. and Lipman, P.W.,

1995,

Crustal and magmatic evolution in a large multicyclic caldera complex: isotopic evidence from the central San Juan volcanic field:

J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.,

67,

1-28.

Richardson, J.M., Blenkinsop, J., Bell, K.,

1990,

Extreme variations in strontium initial ratios in ore-related fluids. Fluorite and phosphate minerals from the grisen-style East Kemptville tin mine, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Contrib., Mineral., Petrol.,

104,

516-529.

Richards, J. P., McCulloch, M. T., Chappell, B. W. and Kerrich, R.,

1991,

Sources of metals in the Porgera gold deposit, Papua New Guinea: Evidence from alteration, isotope, and noble metal geochemistry:

Geochem. Cosmochem. Acta.,

55,

565-580.

Richards, J. P., Chappell, B. W. and McCulloch, M. T.,

1990,

Intraplate-type magmatism in a continent-island-arc collision zone: Porgera intrusive complex, Papua New Guinea:

Geology,

18,

958-961.

Richards, H. G., Cann, J. R. and Jensenius, J.,

1989,

Mineralogical zonation and metasomatism of the alteration pipes of Cyprus Sulfide deposits:

Economic Geol.,

84,

91-115.

Richards, A., Phipps, P., and Lucas, N.,

2000,

Possible evidence for underlying non-linear dynamics in steep-faced glaciodeltaic progradational successions.

Earth Surf. Process. Landforms,

25,

1181-1200.

Richard A D.,

1983,

Depositional systems: a genetic approach to sedimentary geology

Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Prentice-Hall

669 pp.

Rhodes, M.,

1992,

A-type granites and rhyolites: is a for ambiguous?

EOS Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union,

73,

508

Rhodes, J.M., and Hart S.R.,

1995,

Episodic trace element and isotopic variations in histrical Mauna Loa lavas: implications for magma and plume dynamics.

In: Mauna Loa Revealed: Structure, Composition, History, and Hazards, edited by J. M. Rhodes and Lockwood, P.J., Am. Geophys. Union Monogr.

92,

263-288.

Rhodes, J.M., and Garcia, M.O.,

1995,

Isotopic evolution of Mauna Loa volcano: a view from the submarine southwest zone.

In: Mauna Loa Revealed: Structure, Composition, History, and Hazards, edited by J. M. Rhodes and Lockwood, P.J., Am. Geophys. Union Monogr.

92,

289-306.

Rhodes, J.M.,

1996,

Geochemical stratigraphy of lava flows sampled by the Hawaii scientific drilling project

J. Geophys. Res.,

101,

11729-11746.

Rhodes, J.M.,

1995,

The 1852 and 1868 Mauna Loa picrite eruptions: clues to parental magma compositions and magmatic plumbing system.

In: Mauna Loa Revealed: Structure, Composition, History, and Hazards, edited by J. M. Rhodes and Lockwood, P.J., Am. Geophys. Union Monogr.

92,

241-262.

Resing, J.A., and Sansone, F.J.,

1999,

The chemistry of lava-seawater interactions: the generation of acidity.

Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta.,

63,

2183-2198.

Research group for the geological map of Hohi Geothermal Area,

1982,

Explanatory text of the geological map of Hohi Geothermal Area, Scale 1: 100000. Miscellaneous Map Series (21-1), (In Japanese, with English abstract),

Geol. Surv. Japan,

23p.

Reisberg, L. and Lorand, J.-P.,

1995,

Longevity of sub-continental mantle lithosphere from osmium isotope systematic in orogenic peridotite massifs:

Nature,

376,

159-162.

Reinhardt, J. and Kleemann, U.,

1994,

Extensional unroofing of granulitic lower crust and related low-pressure, high-temperature metamorphism in the Saxonian Granulite Massif, Germany:

Tectonophys,

238,

71-94.

Reiners, P. W., Nelson, B. K. and Ghiorso, M. S.,

1995,

Assimilation of felsic crust by basaltic magma: Thermal limits and extents of crustal contamination of mantle-derived magmas:

Geology,

23,

563-566.

Reiners, P. W., Nelson, B. K. and Ghiorso, M. S.,

1995,

Assimilation of felsic crust by basaltic magma: thermal limits and extents of crustal contamination of mantle-derived magmas:

Geology,

23,

563-566.

Reiners, ?. W., Nelson, ?. K. and Ghiorso, ?. S.

1995,

Assimilation of felsic crust by basaltic magma: Thermal limits and extents of crustal contamination of mantle-derived magmas:

Geology,

23,

563-566.

Reid, M.R.,

1990,

Ionprobe investigation of rare earth element distributions and partial melting of metasedimentary granulites.

Granulites and Crustal Evolution, D. Vielzeuf and Ph. Vidal (eds.),

Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands,

507-522.

Reid, M.R.,

1990,

Ionprobe investigation of rare earth element distributions and partial melting of metasedimenttary granulites:

D. Vielzeuf and Ph. Vidal (eds.), Grnulites and crustal evolution,

Kluwer Academic Publishers,

507-522.

Reid, M. R., Coath, C. D., Harrison, T. M. and McKeegan, K. D.,

1997,

Prolonged residence times for the youngest rhyolites associsted with Long Valley Caldera: 230Th-238U ion microprobe dating of young zircons:

Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.,

150,

27-39.

Reid, Jr., J. B., Murray, D. P., Hermes, O. D. and Steig, E. J.,

1993,

Fractional crystallization in the granite of the Sierra Nevada: How important is it?:

Geology,

21,

587-590.

Reid, F.W. and Cole, J.W.,

1983,

Origin of dacites of Taupo volcanic zone, New Zealand:

J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.,

18,

191-214.

Regelous, M., Collerson, K. D., Ewart, A. and Wendt, J. I.,

1997,

Trace element transport rates in subduction zones: evidence from Th, Sr and Pb isotope data for Tonga–Kermadec arc lavas:

Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.,

148,

291-302.

Rebesco, M., Vedova, B.D., Cernobori, L., and Aloisi, G.,

2000,

Acoustic facies of Holocene megaturbidites in th eEastern Mediterrannean.

Sedimentary Geol.

135,

65-74.

Reay, A., Sipiera, P.P.,

1987,

25 Mantle xenoliths from the New Zealand region.

in Mantle Xenoliths, P.H. Nixon (Ed),

Jhon Wiley and Sons Ltd

Reagan, M.K. and Gill, J.B.,

1989,

coexisting calcalkaline and high-niobium basalts from Turrialba volvano, Costa Rica: implications for residual titanates in arc magma source:

J. Geophys. Res.,

94,

4619-4633.

Reading, H.G., and Richards, M.,

1994,

Turbidite systems in deep-water basin margins classified by grain size and feeder system.

AAPG Bull.,

78,

792-822.

Reading, H. G.,

1996,

Sedimentary environments: Processes, Facies and Stratigraphy

Blackwell Science,

688 pp.

Rapp, R.T. and Watson, E.B.,

1995,

Dehydration melting of metabasalt at 8-32 kbar: implications for continental growth and crust-mantle recycling:

J. Petol.,

36,

891-931.

Rapp, R.T. , Watson, E.B. and Miller, C.F.,

1991,

Partial melting od amphibolite/eclogite and the origin of Archean trondhjemites and tonalites:

Precambrian Res.,

51,

1-25.

Rapp, R.P., Watoson, E.B., and Miller, C.F.,

1991,

Partial melting of amphibolite / eclogite and the origin of Archean trondhjemites and tonalites.

Precanbrian Research,

51,

1-25.

Rapp, R.P., Shimizu, N., Norman, M.D. and Applegate, G.S.,

1999,

Reaction between slab-derived melts and peridotite in the mantle wedge: experimental constraints at 3.8 Gpa.

Chem. Geol.,

160,

335-356.

Rapp, R. P.,

1995,

Amphibole-out phase boundary in partially melted metabasalt, its control over liquid fraction and composition, and source parmeability:

J. Geophys. Res.,

100,

15601-15610.

Rapp, R. P.,

1994,

Partial melting of metabasalts at 2-7 Gpa: Experimental results and implications for lower crustal and subduction zone processes:

Mineralogical magazine,

58A,

761-

Rapela, C. W. and Pankhurst, R. J.,

1996,

Monzonite suites: The innermost Cordilleran plutonism of Patagonia:

Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences,

87,

193-203.

Rangin, C., Silver, E. A. and Tamaki, K.,

1995,

closure of Western Pacific marginal basins: rupture of the oceanic crust and the emplacement of ophiolites:

In: B. Taylor and J. Natland (eds), Active Margins and Marginal Basins of the Westernj Pacific (Geophysical Monograph 88),

AGU, NM, Washington, DC

405-417.

Rampino, M.R., Self, S., Stothers, R.B.,

1988,

Volcanic winters,

Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.,

16,

73-99.

Rampino, M.R., and Self, S.,

1992,

Volcanic winter and …

Nature,

359,

50-52.

Rampino, M.R., Ambrose, S.H.,

2000,

Volcanic winter in the Garden of Eden: The Toba supereruption an the late Pleistocene human population crash.

Geol. Soc. Amer. Spec. Pap.,

345,

71-82.

Rampino, M.R., and Ambrose, S.H.

2000,

Volcanic winter in the Garden of Eden: The Toba supereruption and the late Pleistocene human population crash.

Geol. Soc. Amer. Spec. Pap.,

345,

71-82.

Rampino, M.R.,

1988,

Volcanic winter.

Ann, Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.

16,

73-99.

Rampey, M.L., Milam, K.A., McSween Jr., H.Y., Moersch, J.E., Christensen, P.R.,

2005,

Lava domes and flows of the arcadia region of Mars.

Lunar and planetary science,

34,

1834.pdf

Ramaswamy, V.,

1992,

Explosive start to last ice age.

Nature,

359,

14

Raisbeck, G. M., Yiou, Fruneau, M., Loiseaux, J. M., Lieuvin, M., Ravel, J. C., Reyss, J. M. and Guichard, F.,

1980,

10Be concentration and residence time in the deep ocean:

Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.,

51,

275-278.

Ragan, D.M. and Sheridan, M.F.,

1972,

Compaction of the Bishop Tuff, Calfornia:

Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.,

83,

95-106.

Rachocki,A.，Church,M.A.，

1990,

Alluvial fans: a field approach.

Wiley and Sons

New York,

pp